OP Stack
The open-source development framework from Optimism used to build Ethereum L2 blockchains; powers Base, Optimism, and others.
OP Stack — The OP Stack is an open-source, modular framework for building Ethereum Layer 2 rollups, developed by Optimism (OP Labs). It provides the standardized software components needed to launch an L2 network, including the sequencer, execution engine, and bridge contracts. Base, Zora, Mode, and dozens of other chains are built on the OP Stack.
What Is the OP Stack?
The OP Stack is a set of modular software components that together form a complete rollup system. It includes op-node (consensus client), op-geth (execution client based on go-ethereum), op-batcher (transaction batching), and op-proposer (state root publishing). Any organization can use the OP Stack to launch their own L2, customizing parameters like gas limits and block times.
OP Stack Architecture
An OP Stack rollup executes transactions on its own chain but posts compressed transaction data to Ethereum mainnet. A sequencer orders transactions and produces blocks. After a challenge period (typically 7 days), transactions are considered finalized. The stack supports the standard Ethereum JSON-RPC API, meaning existing Ethereum tools and dApps work without modification.
OP Stack Ecosystem
The OP Stack powers an expanding network of L2 chains: Optimism Mainnet, Base (Coinbase), Zora (NFTs), Mode (DeFi), Worldchain (World ID), and many others. These chains form the Superchain — a network of interoperable L2s sharing security and communication standards.
Related Terms
Superchain
Optimism's vision of a network of interoperable OP Stack chains sharing security and a communication layer.
Read definition Chain-SpecificBase (L2)
Coinbase's Ethereum L2 built on the OP Stack, launched 2023; known for low fees and Coinbase ecosystem integration.
Read definition Chain-SpecificArbitrum One
The primary Arbitrum L2 network using Optimistic Rollup technology; the largest L2 by TVL as of 2026.
Read definition Chain-SpecificSequencer (L2)
The entity responsible for ordering and batching transactions on an L2 rollup before posting them to the base layer.
Read definitionFrequently Asked Questions
Common questions about OP Stack in cryptocurrency and DeFi.
Yes. The OP Stack is open-source under the MIT license. Anyone can fork and deploy their own L2. However, chains joining the Superchain contribute a portion of sequencer revenue to the Optimism Collective.
Both produce optimistic rollups. The OP Stack emphasizes modularity and ecosystem standardization (Superchain). Arbitrum's Nitro stack focuses on execution efficiency with its WASM-based fraud proofs. Both achieve similar cost and performance characteristics.
Yes. The OP Stack is permissionless. Organizations like Coinbase, Zora, and Sony have launched L2s using it. Raas (Rollup as a Service) providers like Conduit and Caldera simplify deployment further.
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